Phase I Environmental Site Assessments

Photo of a derelict two-story brick building with broken windows and a placard over the entrance for American Ice Company.

The First Step in the Environmental Due Diligence Process

A Phase I environmental site assessment (Phase I ESA) assesses environmental impacts associated with the current and historical use of the site and surrounding properties. Phase I ESAs are frequently performed as part of property transactions or during refinancing but are also performed as part of brownfields redevelopment studies, to pursue tax incentives and to qualify for CERCLA liability protection.

Conducting a Phase I ESA is an important component of the due diligence process before conducting a commercial property transaction.

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A Phase I environmental site assessment (Phase I ESA) assesses environmental impacts associated with the current and historical use of the site and surrounding properties. Phase I ESAs are frequently performed as part of property transactions or during refinancing but are also performed as part of brownfields redevelopment studies, to pursue tax incentives and to qualify for CERCLA liability protection.

Conducting a Phase I ESA is an important component of the due diligence process before conducting a commercial property transaction.

CONTACT US

Photo of a derelict two-story brick building with broken windows and a placard over the entrance for American Ice Company.

Why ECS for Phase I ESA services

ECS offers high-quality consulting services to help clients with complex, varied projects across the country, and our team is ready to assist with your next property acquisition or development project. Our Phase I site assessment team can quickly prepare reports that provide valuable insight into the potential presence of contamination from current or previous site owners that might impact a transaction.

In addition to ECS’ experience with specific scopes such as those required by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or US HUD, our team is ready to assist with portfolio work as well. Due to our national footprint, we can quickly mobilize our resources to help assess numerous properties at once on a condensed timeframe.

Why ECS for Phase I ESA services

ECS offers high-quality consulting services to help clients with complex, varied projects across the country, and our team is ready to assist with your next property acquisition or development project. Our Phase I site assessment team can quickly prepare reports that provide valuable insight into the potential presence of contamination from current or previous site owners that might impact a transaction.

In addition to ECS’ experience with specific scopes such as those required by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or US HUD, our team is ready to assist with portfolio work as well. Due to our national footprint, we can quickly mobilize our resources to help assess numerous properties at once on a condensed timeframe.

What is a Phase I ESA?

Photo of the interior of the former Potomac Electric site slated to undergo a Phase I ESA.The Phase I site assessment process involves a site and area reconnaissance, regulatory file and historical documentation review, and interviews with persons having knowledge of the site. A standard Phase I ESA does not include sampling or analyses of soil, groundwater, air or building materials.

It is prudent to have a Phase I ESA performed to better understand potential environmental concerns associated with a property transaction or development project. A Phase I ESA and subsequent assessments help prospective purchasers make informed decisions and understand potential environmental costs.

 

A Phase I environmental site assessment is typically appropriate in situations such as the following:

  • Purchase of commercial, industrial or multi-family properties, including hotels, shopping malls, warehouses, garages, gas stations, apartment complexes and farmland.
  • Commercial property transactions involving a bank loan.
  • Transactions involving commercial or industrial properties that utilize regulated hazardous materials or have used them in the past. Examples can include lumber treatment yards, dry cleaning facilities or facilities using electroplating or other metal finishing processes.
  • Transactions involving properties adjacent to or nearby commercial or industrial operations.
  • Land sales arrangements that include properties used for oil or gas exploration purposes.
  • The sale of land with previously known environmental liens or use limitations.

What is a Phase I ESA?

Photo of the interior of the former Potomac Electric site slated to undergo a Phase I ESA.The Phase I site assessment process involves a site and area reconnaissance, regulatory file and historical documentation review, and interviews with persons having knowledge of the site. A standard Phase I ESA does not include sampling or analyses of soil, groundwater, air or building materials.

It is prudent to have a Phase I ESA performed to better understand potential environmental concerns associated with a property transaction or development project. A Phase I ESA and subsequent assessments help prospective purchasers make informed decisions and understand potential environmental costs.

 

A Phase I environmental site assessment is typically appropriate in situations such as the following:

  • Purchase of commercial, industrial or multi-family properties, including hotels, shopping malls, warehouses, garages, gas stations, apartment complexes and farmland.
  • Commercial property transactions involving a bank loan.
  • Transactions involving commercial or industrial properties that utilize regulated hazardous materials or have used them in the past. Examples can include lumber treatment yards, dry cleaning facilities or facilities using electroplating or other metal finishing processes.
  • Transactions involving properties adjacent to or nearby commercial or industrial operations.
  • Land sales arrangements that include properties used for oil or gas exploration purposes.
  • The sale of land with previously known environmental liens or use limitations.

Benefits of Phase I ESAs

The Phase I ESA is relatively fast — it is possible to conduct an assessment in a month or less. This process is most effective when performed at the start of a transaction’s due diligence period, so it would not be expected to hinder a typical commercial real estate transaction. In addition to its rapid completion, there are numerous other benefits from Phase I ESA findings.

 

 

Identifies past usage

As businesses come and go, a commercially zoned property can change hands several times. A Phase I ESA can identify past uses that are common sources of environmental impact, which may not be readily apparent. For example, if the site was previously occupied by a gas station or dry cleaner, the risk of environmental impact is higher than if the property had been occupied by a retail store or office space.

Reduces risk exposure

Though the property’s intended use may not present obvious environmental risks, previous owners may have engaged in activities that caused contamination. The Phase I ESA can identify these issues and help ECS’ remediation team develop an appropriate scope for a Phase II assessment.

Meets lender requirements

Photo of the Manassass Brick Plant depicting brick structures along a dirt road. The structures are covered in ivy.Lenders frequently require that a Phase I ESA be performed before processing a loan. This step is included in an effort to find previously unknown contamination that might impact the value of the property, as this could affect the buyer’s ability to repay the loan.

ECS has experience tailoring our reports to meet the unique scope requirements of lenders and has been designated as a pre-approved vendor by numerous national and international lenders. ECS also frequently prepares Phase I ESA reports to meet the requirements of US HUD, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. This experience can help support a smooth due diligence process and sees that lender concerns are properly identified and addressed.

Offers buyer protection

If a Phase I assessment discovers suspect contamination, a Phase II can be performed to better understand the nature and extent of impact to the subject property and whether additional steps such as remediation are necessary. This information can be used to better understand environmental costs associated with development projects and to negotiate a lower price during property transactions.

 

Benefits of Phase I ESAs

The Phase I ESA is relatively fast — it is possible to conduct an assessment in a month or less. This process is most effective when performed at the start of a transaction’s due diligence period, so it would not be expected to hinder a typical commercial real estate transaction. In addition to its rapid completion, there are numerous other benefits from Phase I ESA findings.

 

 

Identifies past usage

As businesses come and go, a commercially zoned property can change hands several times. A Phase I ESA can identify past uses that are common sources of environmental impact, which may not be readily apparent. For example, if the site was previously occupied by a gas station or dry cleaner, the risk of environmental impact is higher than if the property had been occupied by a retail store or office space.

Reduces risk exposure

Though the property’s intended use may not present obvious environmental risks, previous owners may have engaged in activities that caused contamination. The Phase I ESA can identify these issues and help ECS’ remediation team develop an appropriate scope for a Phase II assessment.

Meets lender requirements

Photo of the Manassass Brick Plant depicting brick structures along a dirt road. The structures are covered in ivy.Lenders frequently require that a Phase I ESA be performed before processing a loan. This step is included in an effort to find previously unknown contamination that might impact the value of the property, as this could affect the buyer’s ability to repay the loan.

ECS has experience tailoring our reports to meet the unique scope requirements of lenders and has been designated as a pre-approved vendor by numerous national and international lenders. ECS also frequently prepares Phase I ESA reports to meet the requirements of US HUD, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. This experience can help support a smooth due diligence process and sees that lender concerns are properly identified and addressed.

Offers buyer protection

If a Phase I assessment discovers suspect contamination, a Phase II can be performed to better understand the nature and extent of impact to the subject property and whether additional steps such as remediation are necessary. This information can be used to better understand environmental costs associated with development projects and to negotiate a lower price during property transactions.

 

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Additional ECS due diligence services

Photo of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, a derelict large brick building with windows boarded up and surrounded by fencing.

Engaging with ECS for a Phase I environmental site assessment can help you move forward with a property transaction with confidence and greater peace of mind.

Engaging with ECS for a Phase I environmental site assessment can help you move forward with a property transaction with confidence and greater peace of mind.